European birds adjust their flight initiation distance to road speed limits

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European birds adjust their flight initiation distance to road speed limits.

Behavioural responses can help species persist in habitats modified by humans. Roads and traffic greatly affect animals' mortality not only through habitat structure modifications but also through direct mortality owing to collisions. Although species are known to differ in their sensitivity to the risk of collision, whether individuals can change their behaviour in response to this is still un...

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A review of flight-initiation distances and their application to managing disturbance to Australian birds

Disturbance – the response of birds to a stimulus such as the presence of a person – is considered a conservation threat for some Australian birds. The distance at which a bird flees from perceived danger is defined as the flight-initiation distance (FID), and could be used to designate separation distances between birds and stimuli that might cause disturbance. We review theknownFIDs forAustra...

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Fréchet distance with speed limits

In this paper, we introduce a new generalization of the well-known Fréchet distance between two polygonal curves, and provide an efficient algorithm for computing it. The classical Fréchet distance between two polygonal curves corresponds to the maximum distance between two point objects that traverse the curves with arbitrary non-negative speeds. Here, we consider a problem instance in which t...

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Does intruder group size and orientation affect flight initiation distance in birds?

Does intruder group size and orientation affect flight initiation distance in birds?— Wildlife managers use flight initiation distance (FID), the distance animals flee an approaching predator, to determine set back distances to minimize human impacts on wildlife. FID is typically estimated by a single person; this study examined the effects of intruder number and orientation on FID. Three diffe...

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Road Design Factors and Their Interactions with Speed and Speed Limits

The road environment can affect driver speed choice through influencing both the driver’s perception of their current speed, and the speed that they think is appropriate for the road. These influences and their effects on speed can therefore affect crash rates. This report reviews the influence of various factors within the road environment, including the geometry of the road, the roadside envi...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Biology Letters

سال: 2013

ISSN: 1744-9561,1744-957X

DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0788